A possible new interpretation of the private and non-commercial use exception has been under discussion at UPOV for many years. The way this exception is interpreted has a major impact on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers around the world - on their access to seed and on their ability to multiply, exchange, or sell seed. This report shows what is at stake, where the idea to adapt the interpretation came from, and how the discussion is developing within UPOV. The preliminary result indicates that UPOV seems to be unwilling or unable to balance its own system - to better meet the needs of smallholder farmers and reduce the negative impact on the farmer-managed seed system.

The report introduces Malaysia’s unique and functional system protecting intellectual property on plant varieties and recognizing farmers’ innovations. Based on surveys and interviews, the author analyses the situation on the ground and the potential implications of the application of the UPOV 1991 convention. He concludes that “UPOV 1991 is not suitable for Malaysia. It will take away the flexibility every country needs to adapt the PVP system to its national needs and circumstances."

The study "The UPOV accession process: Preventing appropriate PVP laws for new members", published today by the South Centre and APBREBES, analyses the accession process for countries that want to become members of UPOV and provides both surprising and worrying results.