A. Africa

Against the Grain? A Historical Institutional Analysis of Access Governance of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in Ethiopia

Teshome H. Mulesa and Ola T. Westengen (2020). J World Intellect Prop. 23(1-2): 82-120. Against the Grain?

Access and Benefit Sharing, Farmers’ Rights and Plant Breeders’ Rights: Reflections on the African Model Law

Titilayo Adebola (2019). Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property, 9 (1): 105–121. Access and Benefit Sharing, Farmers’ Rights and Plant Breeders’ Rights

Examining Plant Variety Protection in Nigeria: Realities, Obligations and Prospects

Titilayo Adebola (2019). J World Intellect Prop. 22: 36–58. Examining Plant Variety Protection in Nigeria 

Farmers’ Seed, the Regulatory Framework, and Seed Policy in Niger

BEDE (BiodiversitĂ©, Échanges et Diffusion d’ExpĂ©riences) (2019). SWISSAID. Farmers’ Seed, the Regulatory Framework, and Seed Policy in Niger 

The Arusha Protocol on Plant Varieties Protection: Balancing Breeders’ and Farmers’ Rights for Food Security in Africa

Tom Kabau and Faith Cheruiyot (2019). Queen Mary Journal of Intellectual Property 9(3): 303–325. The Arusha Protocol on Plant Varieties Protection 

Plant Variety Protection in Uganda: A Legal Analysis of Emerging Trends

Anthony C.K. Kakooza (2017). Plant Variety Protection in Uganda 

Safeguarding Food Security in the Implementation of International Legal Obligations on Plant Varieties Protection in Kenya

Bilha Omulama (2017). A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) Degree Programme, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.

Inappropriate Processes and Unbalanced Outcomes: Plant Variety Protection in Africa Goes Beyond UPOV 1991 Requirements

Hans Morten Haugen (2015). The Journal of World Intellectual Property 18(5): 196–216. Inappropriate Processes and Unbalanced Outcomes

Plant Variety Protection Regime in Relation to Relevant International Obligations: Implications for Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

Peter Munyi (2015). Journal of World Intellectual Property 18(1–2): 65–85. Plant Variety Protection Regime in Relation to Relevant International Obligations

Breeding Apples for Oranges: Africa’s Misplaced Priority Over Plant Breeders’ Rights

Chidi Oguamanam (2015). Journal of World Intellectual Property 18(5): 165-195. Breeding Apples for Oranges

TRIPS, Plant Varieties and the Right to Food: A Case Study of Ethiopia’s Legal Regime on Protection of Plant Varieties

Tilahun Weldie Hindeya (2011). In: Acceding to the WTO from a Least Developed Country Perspective: the case of Ethiopia (Editors: Markus Krajewski and Fikremarkos Markos), Nomos Publisher, pp.77-109. TRIPS, Plant Varieties and the Right to Food